Lesson 13:

Visual Symbols

- are representations of direct reality, which comes in the form of signs and symbols.

Drawings

- a drawing may not be real thing but better to have a concrete visual aid than nothing. 

To avoid confusion, it is good that our drawing correctly represents the real thing.

Cartoons

- another useful visual symbol that can bring novelty to our teaching is the cartoon. 

A first-rate cartoon tells its story metaphorically.

Strip Drawings

- a sequence of drawings in a newspaper, magazine, etc., relating a humorous story or 

an adventure.

Poster

- a large printed picture used for decoration.

Diagrams

- “It is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as of parts to the whole, 

relative values, origins and development, chronological fluctuations, distributions, etc.” 

(Dale 1969)

Types of Diagrams

• Affinity Diagram – used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data 

into natural and meaningful groups.

Tree Diagram – used in increasing details or various tasks that 

must be accomplished to complete a project.

 

• Fishbone Diagram – cause-and-effect diagram.            

Charts

• It is a diagrammatic representation of relationships among individuals 

within an organizations.

Types of Charts

• Time Chart - tabular time chart that presents data in ordinal sequence.

• Tree or Stream Chart – depicts development, growth and change by 

beginning with a simple course with spread outs into many branches.

• Flow Chart – visual way of showing a process from beginning to end.

• Organizational Chart – shows how one part of the organization 

relates to other parts of the organization.

• Comparison and Contrast Chart – shows similarities and differences.

• Pareto Chart – type of bar chart, prioritized in descending order of 

magnitude or importance from left to right.

• Gantt Chart – is an activity time chart.

Graphs

• Pictures that help us understand data.

Types of Graph

Circle Graph – recommended for showing parts of whole. 

• Bar Graph – use in comparing the magnitude of similar items at different 

ties or seeing relative sizes of the parts of a whole.

• Pictorial Graph – make use of picture symbols.

• Graphic Organizers – you met several graphic organizers in your 

subject, principles of teaching.

Maps

• Is a representation of the surface of the earth or some part of it.

Types of Maps

Physical Map – altitude, temperature, rainfall, precipitation, vegetation

 and soil.

Relief Map – three dimensional represents and show contours of the 

physical data of the earth or part of the earth.

Political Map – gives detailed information about country, provinces, 

lakes, rivers etc.