Lesson 1:

Educational Technology
        - is the application of technology in the educative process that takes place in education institutions.
Educative Process
        - teaching and learning process.
Technology in Education
        - is the application of technology in the operation of education institution.
Instructional Technology
        - is refers to aspects of educational technology that are concerned with instructions.
Technology Integration
        - is using learning technologies to introduce, supplement and extend skills.

                                Benefits from using Educational Technology

1.  Increase the quality  of learning and the degree of its mastery through the us of special effects of unique programming that are considered individualized, valid and accessible
2. Decrease the time spent in instruction for learners to achieve desired learning objectives.
3.  Increase efficiency of teachers.
4.  Reduce educational cost without affecting quality of instruction.

   
   

   Guidelines in using Educational Technology

   1. Determine the purpose for which the Instructional materials are to be used.

   2. Define the objectives to determine the appropriateness of the material.

   3. Know the content of the material.

   4. Exercise flexibility so that the materials satisfy different purposes.

   5. Consider diversity/ variety of materials.

   6. Relate materials to age, ability, maturity and interest of students.

   7. Arrange the conditions so that the materials do not interrupt the momentum of the lesson.

   8. Prepare the students for what they will see, hear and do as lessons unfold.

   9. Operate equipment needed for efficient use.

   10. Summarize experiences gained and follow up with further relevant discussion.

   11. Evaluate the results of the use materials together with the instructional process, to determine effectiveness.

   
   

   Why use media in Instruction?

   Methods of teaching are instructional techniques that facilitate learning while Media are the means of implementing those methods.

   
   

   Commonly use Media/ Materials for Instruction

   1. Print Media/ Materials 

   - considered to be the most dominant and the primary means of communicating subject matter to students.

   - the principal aid to teaching and learning.

   Ex. Books, textbooks, periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals, handouts, manuals, workbooks)

   
   

   2. Still pictures and graphics

   - useful means of expressing idea, employ lines, patterns, colors and shades to convey information.

   Ex. Pictures, graphics (maps, diagrams, charts/graphs, tables, posters and cartoons), visual display devices (chalk boards, white boards, magnetic board, bulletin boards, glass board), projection devices (slide, filmstrip projectors, opaque projectors, overhead projectors)

   
   

   3. Sound recordings and radio

   Ex. Phonograph records, audio tapes, compact disc, radio.

   
   

   4. Film and Television

   Ex. Movie and video.

   
   

   5. Video recording

   Ex. Video tapes and discs, cables and satellites, camcorders.

   
   

   6. Computer-based learning (CBL)

   - enables the students to study almost anytime and convenient locations and with varying ability levels.

   
   

   7. The Web

   
   

   General Principles/Criteria for Selection of Instructional Materials

   1. Appropriateness

   - materials must catch the general and specific objectives of the lesson; must be appropriate to the:

   ü Difficulty of concepts taught.

   ü Vocabulary level of students.

   ü Methods used in learning.

   ü Interest of learners.

   2. Authenticity

   - materials must present accurate, up-to-date, and reliable information.

   3. Interest and Appeal to users

   - materials must have the power to catch the interest of users, motivate them for learning and stimulate.

   4. Organization and balance

   - materials must be very clear, well- organized, logically sequenced.

   5. Cost effectiveness/Economy

   - materials used must be relative to the cost of other similar materials, their durability, and the number of student-users.

   6. Breadth

   - the scope of materials must suit many different types of learners and learning purposes.

   
   

   Ten Commandments for Creating Learning Materials

   1. Do not overcrowd.

   2. Be consistent in format, layout and convention.

   3. Use appropriate type faces and point uses.

   4. Use bold and italic for emphasis, but don’t overuse them.

   5. Use titles, headings, and subheadings to clarify and guide.

   6. Use numbers to direct through sequences.

   7. Use graphics and illustrations to reinforce ideas.

   8. Use symbols and icons as identifying markers

   9. Use color/video/audio/music to stimulate but not to overpower the senses.

   10. Produce the materials with technical excellence-good quality, good audio, clear, etc.

   
   

   According to research, people tend to remember;

   Ø10% of what they read.

   Ø20% of what they hear.

   Ø30% of what they see.

   Ø50% of what they hear and see.

   Ø70%-90% of what they hear, see and experience.